Scarlet Waxcap (Hygrocybe coccinea)

The Scarlet Waxcap, scientifically known as Hygrocybe coccinea, stands out among red waxcap fungi with its vibrant coloration and delicate features. This edible mushroom, though visually striking, is recommended more for admiration and photography than widespread picking due to its rarity.

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Identification:

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Cap: Conical/bell-shaped, the cap of the Scarlet Waxcap opens to convex or flat with age. Initially deep scarlet, it fades to orange/red/yellow. Average dimensions are 2-5cm in diameter.

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Gills: Starting orange/red and maturing to yellow to cream, the gills are joined to the stem and not crowded.

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Stem: Scarlet to orange-red, gradually yellowing toward the base, the stem is hollow and lacks a ring. It measures 3-6cm in height.

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Flesh: The flesh is red.

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Spore Print: White

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Odour/Taste: Not distinctive

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Habitat:

Scarlet Waxcaps are infrequent in Britain and Ireland but more common than other red Hygrocybe species. The species extends across mainland Europe and parts of North America, mainly in woodland settings. 

Found in woodland clearings, cropped grassland, and land free of fertilizers, chemicals, or ploughing. Scarlet Waxcaps are considered saprobic on the dead roots of grasses. However, a mutual relationship with mosses is also proposed.

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Season and Culinary Notes:

Fruiting from September to November, Scarlet Waxcaps are generally regarded as edible but are better appreciated for their visual appeal than for consumption. As waxcaps are becoming rare, caution is advised against gathering for eating. The mushroom's slimy feel, especially when young, and uncertain safety for consumption contribute to this recommendation.​

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Safety Notes:

Similar-looking species include the Crimson Waxcap (Hygrocybe punicea) and the Splendid Waxcap (Hygrocybe splendidissima). The Crimson Waxcap is larger with a thicker stem and mainly white flesh. The Blackening Waxcap (Hygrocybe conica) is distinct, turning black with age or when cut.

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The Scarlet Waxcap, with its captivating appearance and ecological significance, serves as a reminder of the delicate balance within ecosystems. While it may be tempting to forage for consumption, responsible mushroom enthusiasts are encouraged to prioritize conservation and appreciation, allowing these vibrant fungi to thrive in their natural habitats.

Golden Waxcap (Hygrocybe chlorophana)

Golden Waxcap (Hygrocybe chlorophana), an enchanting mushroom celebrated for both its visual appeal and subtle flavours. Despite its edibility, it is advised to admire and photograph this species, as it is fairly common but still uncommon enough to merit conservation efforts.

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Identification:

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Cap: Initially orange and conical, the cap of the Golden Waxcap becomes paler and yellow as it flattens. Occasionally with a slight red tinge. Often feeling greasy or slimy in wet weather. Average dimensions are 3-4cm in diameter.

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Gills: Pale yellow or off-white, widely spaced, and fairly thick. Transverse ‘gills’ between the main gills are often visible. Not slimy.

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Stem: Golden and sticky to slimy feeling.

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Flesh: Concolorous with the outside, hollow in the stem.

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Odour: Mild mushroom smell

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Spore Print: White

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Habitat:

Thriving in unimproved fields, meadows, heaths, open woodlands, grasslands, lawns, and roadsides, Golden Waxcaps prefer land free from fertilizers, chemicals, or ploughing.

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Distribution:

Found in cropped pasture and parkland, Golden Waxcaps are an autumn and early winter species. The species is infrequent but not rare in Britain, Ireland, and parts of mainland Europe. Listed on the Red List of threatened species in some countries, it's also present in the USA, primarily in woodland settings.

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Season and Culinary Notes:

Fruiting in late summer and autumn, Golden Waxcaps are reported to be edible, though their insubstantial flesh and potential confusion with other yellow waxcaps advise against collection for consumption. Their delicate flavour is overshadowed by the risk of misidentification.​

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Safety Notes:

Almost any other yellow, orange, or golden waxcaps could be confused with the Golden Waxcap. While none are known to be deadly toxic, caution is advised due to variations in texture.

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Celebrate the Golden Waxcap not just for its edible qualities but as a symbol of nature's intricate beauty.